First Aid and Safety Eye Injuries

Eye Injuries
Most eye injuries are minor, like getting soap in the eyes or a speck of dirt under the eyelide, but others like those that happen during sports activities, can be serious and must be given medical care.

Signs and Symptoms:

• redness
  
• stinging or burning
  
• watering
• sensivity to light
• blurred vision
• swelling of the eyelides
• discolaration around the eyes

What to Do:?
Minor eye irritations can be treared by flushing the eye with water, but more serious injuries require medical attention. For less serious injuries, like sand or dirt in the eye, do not try to remove something from the eye except by flushing.
Be sure to:

• Wash your hand before touching the eye area.
• Flush the eye with water as soon as possible.
• Tilt the child's head over a basine or sink with the affected eye pointed down.
• Gently pull down the lower lid.
• Gently pour a steady stream of lukewarm water over the eye.
• Flush the eye for up to 15 minutes, checking every 5 minutes to see if the foreign body has been fludhed out.

Seek Medical Care if the Child Has:

• been struck in the eye with the ball or other objects
• a red or irritated eye
• eye discomfort
• a red, swollen, or painful area around the eye or eyelide
• an eye that's very sensitive to light

Seek Emergency Care Immediately if the Child:

• has trouble seeing
• has been expsoed to chemicals
• has something embedded in the eye
• has sever eye pain
• has blood in the eye
• has nausea or vomiting after an eye pain

Think Prevention!
If the child is involved in sports, be sure to provide protective goggles or unbreakable glasses. keep chemicals and other potentially necessary dangerous objects out of the reach of the children.

First Aid and Safety of Dental Injuries

Dental Injuries
If a baby tooth accidently comes out, it can't - and dosen't need to be put back in. However, losing a permanent tooth is a dental emergency. Many other dental injuries are less urgent, but may need to be looked at by a dentist. Most dental injuries are less urgent, but may need to be looked at by a dentist. Most dental injuries in preschool and school - age children occour from falls, while dental injuries in teenagers are often sports related.

What to Do?:
When a baby, toddler, or young child injures gum or teeth:

• Apply pressure to the area (if it's bleeding) with a piece of cold, wet gauze.
• Offer an ice pop to suck on to reduce swelling.
• Give acetaminophen or ibuprofen as needed for pain.

When a permanent tooth is chiped or broken:

• Collect all pieces of rhe tooth.
• Rinse the mouth with the warm water.
• Hold a cold compress (such as an ice cube wrapped in cloth or a gauze) against the injured tooth.
• Contact a dentist.

Seek Medical Care if a Permanent Tooth is Knocked Out:
Go to the dentist or emergency room right after following these steps:

• Find the tooth. Call a dentist or emergency room right away if you aren't sure if it's a permanent tooth (baby teeth has smoorh edged.)
• Hold the tooth by the crown (the surface farthest from the gumline) - not the root.
• Try to put the tooth back in the socket right away and have the child hold it in place.
• If the tooth cannot be put back in the, socket store it in cold milk. Do not store it in tap water.
  
• Have the child bite down on a gauze pad or handkerchief to relieve bleeding and pain.

Think Prevention!
Make sure the children wear maouth guards and protective gear for contact sports and helmets while biking, skateboarding, or inline skating. Childproof your house to prevent falls.

Firas Aid and Safety of Dehydration

Dehydration

Dehydration can occour if a child is not drinking enough fluids. Kids can also become dehydrated when a large amount of fluid is lost through vomiting, diarrhoea, or or both. In cases of dehydration, it's important to replenish fluid losses as quickly as possible.

Signs and Symptoms:

Milds to Moderate:

• tongue becomes dry
• few tears when crying
  
• rapid heart rate
  
• fussiness in infant
• no wet diapers for 6 hour in an infant
• no urination for 8 hours in child
  

Severe:

• very dry mouth
  
• wrinkly, ordoughy skin, specially on the belly & upper arm and legs
• inactivity and excessive sleeping
• sunkening eyes
• sunkening soft spot on top of an infant's head
• no urin for 8 or more hours in an infant and 10 or more hours in a child
• deep, rapid breathing
• rapid or weak pulse

What to Do?
Mild dehydration can often be treated at home. If the child has diarrhoea or but no vomiting, continue feeding a noprmal dite.

If the child is vomiting, stop milk products and solid foods and:

• Give infants a solution that restores lost fluids and minerals - about 1 tabletspoon every 15-20 minutes.
• Give children over 1 year old sips of clear fluids such as an oral electrolyte solution, ice chips, flat non-caffeinated soda, clear broath, or ice pops - 1 to 2 tabletspoons every 15-20 minutes.
  

Seek Emergency Care if the child:

• shows any sign of severe dehydration
• is unable to keep clear fluids down
  

Think Prevention!

• Frequent handwashing as key to avoiding many of the illness that can lead to dehydration.
• Encourage frequent, small amounts of fluids to avoide dehydration during illness.
• If vomiting occours, use only clear fluids to rehydrate.
  

First Aid and Safety of cuts

Cuts
Many kids get cut from falls or using sharp objects like scissors. Some cuts can be safely treated at home. Large gaping, and dipper cuts - or any wounds that won't stop bleeding - need medicaltreatment.

What to Do?
If the cut is sever and u can't get the child to a hospital right away or must wait for an ambulance, begin this treatment:

• Rines the cut or wound with water and apply pressure with sterile gauze, a bandage, or a clean cloth.
• If blood soaks through the bandage, place another bandage over the first and keep applying pressure.
• Raise the injured body part to slow bleeding.
• When bleeding stops, cover the wound with a new, clean bandage.
  
• Do not apply a torniquet.
  

Seek Medical Care if:

• the cut is deep or its edges are widely seperated
• the cut continues to ooze and bleed even after applying pressure
• the bite is from an animal or human
  

Call 911 Right Away if the Child:

• has a body part, such as a fingeretip, tht is cut off (Put the part that was cut off in a sealed plastic bag right away. Dunk the bag in a container with ice water.)
• has a cut and the blood is spurting out and difficult to control
• is bleeding so much that bandages are becoming soaked with blood
  

Think Prevention!

• Childproof so that infants and toddlers are less likely to fall or become injured on table corners, sharp objects, or door that may slam shut.
• Be sure children wear shoes when playing outside.
• Watch teens when they are cutting with sharp knives.

First aid and Safety of chest pain

Chest Pain
Chest pain can be caused by many things, from a pulled muscle to asthma. Depending on the region for the pain, the symptoms may differ. Chest pain in children is rarely a sign of serious heart trouble.

Signs and Symptoms:

• tightness
• discomfort
• burning sensation
  
• pain when taking deep breathes
• coughing
• wheezing
  

What to Do?

• call the doctor whenever a child has continual chest pain.

Seek Emergency Medical Care if:
Chest pain is accompanied by:

• trouble breathing or rapid breathing
• a racing heart or heart palpitations (fluttering)
• pressure in the chest
• dizziness or fainting
• blue or gray color around the lips
• exercise or exertion
  

Think prevention!

It's impossible to always avoid chest pain, considering the many potential causes. But u can:

• Make sure kids get routine immunizations to prevent infections that could cause chest pain.
• Follow the doctor's treatment plan if a child has asthma.
• Avoid foods that seem to bring on indigestion.

First Aid and Safety of Burns

Burns
Scales burns from hot water and other liquids are the most common burns in early childhood. Because burns range from mild to life threatining, some can be treated at home, while others need emergency medical care.
What to Do?
If a child is severely burned, call 911 right away. While you wait for help, begin these treatments:

• Remove clothing from the burned areas, except clothing stuck to the skin.
• Run cool (not cold) water over the burn until the pain lessens.
• Lightly apply a gauze bandage.
• If the child is awake and alert, offer ibuprofin or acetaminophen for pain.
• Do not put any ointments, butter, or other remedies on the burn - these can make the burn worse.
• Do not break blisters that have formed.

Seek Emergency Medical Care if:

• The burned is large (cover the area with a clean, soft cloth or towel).
• The burns came from a fire, an electrical wire or socket, or chemicals.
• The burn on the face, hands, feet, joints, or genitals.
• The burn looks infected (with swellin, pus, or increasing redness or red streaking of the skin near the wound).

Think Prevention!

• Be careful when using candles, space heaters, and curling irons.
• Keep children away from radiators.
• Be alert around hot drinks.
• Check the temperature of bath water before putting a child in the tub.
• Check smoke alarm batteries at least once a month.
• Keep a fire extinguisher in the kitchen.
• Do not allow young children to play in the kitchen while someone is cooking.

First Aid and Safety of Broken Bones

Broken Bones
Broken bones (or fractures) are a common injury in kids, especially after a fall. No matter what part may be broken or how big or small the injury may seem, all broken bones need medical care.

Signs and Symptoms
The child may have a broken bone if:

• you heard a "snap" or a grinding noise during an injury
• there's swelling, bruising, or tenderness
• the injured part is difficult to move or hurt when moving, being touched, or bearing weight

What to Do?

• Remove clothing from the injured area.
• Apply an ice pack wrapped in cloth.
• Keep the injured limb in the position you find it.
• Place a simole splint, if you have one, on the broken area.
• Get medical care, and don't allow the child to eat in case surgery is required.

Do Not Move The Child and Call 911 Right Away if

• You suspect a serious injury to the head, neck, or back.
• A broken bone comes through the skin. While waiting for help:

- Keep the child lying down.

- Do not wash the wound or push in any part that's sticking out

Think Prevention!It's particularly impossible to prevent every fracture - but you can help curb the likelyhood of a break by:

• using safety gates at bedroom doors and at both the top and bottom of stairs (for babies or toddlers)
• enforcing helmet and safety gear rules for young athletes and any child riding a bicycle, tricycle, skateboard, scooter, or any type of skates and roller blades
• avoiding the use of infant walkers